Gulf states moved additional military forces to defensive postures and tightened airspace controls on Monday as governments across the region managed their exposure to the widening conflict involving Iran.

Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates issued public statements calling for restraint and a return to dialogue, while quietly raising readiness levels at air defense installations and at facilities critical to energy production and export. Officials in both capitals emphasized that their national territory would not be used as a launching point for attacks.

Qatar, host to a major U.S. air installation, coordinated with its security partners on protective measures and continued to position itself as a potential mediator. Diplomats in Doha said back-channel contacts with Iranian counterparts had been maintained despite the active hostilities.

Oman, which has long served as a discreet conduit between Tehran and Western capitals, emphasized its neutral status and offered its good offices to facilitate communication. Officials in Muscat held a series of contacts with both Iranian and Western counterparts through the day.

Bahrain raised security levels at its naval facility hosting U.S. and allied forces and reinforced patrols at energy infrastructure. Kuwait expanded internal security measures and reactivated civil defense communications, while the Iraqi government urged armed groups operating in its territory to refrain from actions that could draw the country into the conflict.

Turkey called for an immediate halt to military operations and offered its facilitation. Officials in Ankara emphasized the country’s NATO membership and its energy and trade interests, while continuing dialogue with Tehran through multiple channels.

Jordan and Egypt expressed deep concern about the humanitarian and economic spillover and emphasized the need to protect regional civilian populations. Both governments engaged with European and Gulf partners on coordinated diplomatic responses and on contingency planning for population movements.

Analysts noted that the public statements from Gulf capitals were carefully calibrated to avoid antagonizing either side. Several officials acknowledged that the region’s economic and security interests were deeply tied to the trajectory of the fighting, with particular concern over the prospect of disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz.

Defense attachés from multiple Gulf capitals were reported to be in continuous contact with U.S. Central Command counterparts. Officials said the coordination focused on integrated air and missile defense and on protocols for de-confliction in increasingly crowded airspace.